A real-world study suggests that GLP-1 receptor agonists, including semaglutide, may significantly reduce the risk of cancer metastasis in patients with early-stage solid tumors.
Researchers analyzed data from over 10,000 patients with stage I–III cancers and compared those taking GLP-1 drugs with matched patients using DPP-4 inhibitors. Results showed a 31% to 50% reduction in progression to stage IV disease across multiple cancers.
The strongest benefit was observed in non-small cell lung cancer, with a 50% lower metastasis risk. Breast cancer patients had a 43% reduction, liver cancer 38%, and colorectal cancer 31%.
Additional analysis suggested that tumors with higher GLP-1 receptor expression were linked to improved survival, indicating possible direct anti-cancer effects beyond metabolic control. Importantly, no increase in major side effects such as pancreatitis or gastrointestinal toxicity was observed.
Researchers say the findings support prospective clinical trials to determine whether GLP-1 drugs could be integrated into oncology treatment strategies.