Clinical trials are exploring a range of innovative therapies for bladder cancer, aiming to improve outcomes while preserving the bladder.
Intravesical and Targeted Therapies: Oncolytic viruses like cretostimogene grenadenorepvec and EG-70 are designed to selectively kill cancer cells and activate the immune system. Novel drug delivery systems, such as TAR-210, release chemotherapy (e.g., erdafitinib) over time for prolonged bladder contact. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) like disitamab vedotin and sigvotatug vedotin are being tested in HER2-positive and advanced bladder cancers.
Combination and Immunotherapies: Trials are combining immunotherapy (e.g., pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab) with chemotherapy, radiation, or ADCs to enhance efficacy in BCG-unresponsive or high-risk patients. Bladder-sparing trimodality approaches are being studied to avoid surgery while maintaining effectiveness.
Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Strategies: Pre- and post-surgical therapies, such as sacituzumab govitecan with nivolumab, are under investigation to reduce recurrence risk.
Precision Monitoring: Liquid biopsies using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are being evaluated to detect early recurrence and guide therapy.
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