Research Advances

common cancer by 2030. While survival rates are generally high, drug resistance and reduced sensitivity to radioactive iodine (RAI) remain major challenges. New research highlights the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy in driving resistance and shaping potential therapies. Most cases are Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC), especially Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC), which accounts for about 85% of […]

New research shows that bowel cancer may set its course very early through a “Big Bang” moment when tumor cells learn to evade the immune system. Normally, immune cells detect cancer via neoantigens, abnormal proteins on the cell surface. The study found that cancer cells can silence these warning signals right from the start through epigenetic

A new study indicates that the artificial sweetener sucralose (Splenda) may reduce the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in cancer by altering the gut microbiome and impairing T-cell function. In patients with melanoma and lung cancer, higher sucralose intake was linked to lower response rates and shorter progression-free survival, even after adjusting for other factors. Supporting this, mouse experiments

A recent study shows that genetic variants linked to Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) can predict poorer outcomes in metastatic colon cancer (mCC), even in patients without diabetes. Researchers analyzed 15 T2D-associated genes in 99 non-diabetic mCC patients over a median follow-up of 42 months. Two variants were particularly impactful: CDKN1B p.V109G carriers had a median

Researchers have identified a key mechanism behind drug resistance in some HER2-positive breast cancers treated with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) like trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd). The culprit is p95HER2, a truncated form of HER2 that alters cellular signaling and creates an immune-protected tumor microenvironment, preventing ADCs from effectively killing cancer cells. Preclinical studies showed that neratinib, a pan-HER

Researchers have uncovered a key mechanism by which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) drive oxaliplatin resistance and stemness in colorectal cancer (CRC) through the CAF–lactate–ANTXR1 axis. A glycolytically active CAF subset (resCAFs) produces excess lactate via high MCT4 and LDHA expression, which modifies cancer cell behavior. Lactate induces histone lactylation (H3K18la), activating ANTXR1 transcription, and directly lactylates ANTXR1 at lysine 453. This

The INTERCEPT CRC study showed that clearing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) after adjuvant therapy is a powerful indicator of better outcomes in patients with resectable stage I–IV colorectal cancer. Researchers found that among patients who were ctDNA-positive after surgery, 26% achieved ctDNA clearance following adjuvant treatment. These patients had significantly longer disease-free survival compared to

Bladder cancer (BCa) is classified by tumor spread: non-muscle invasive (~75%), muscle-invasive (~20%), and metastatic (~5%). Non-muscle invasive BCa is treated with transurethral resection (TURBT), often followed by a single chemotherapy dose for low-risk cases or Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy for higher-risk patients. BCG can cause toxicity and recurrence remains high. Muscle-invasive disease is treated

Scientists have uncovered how a rare and aggressive kidney cancer, translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC), develops. This cancer, mainly affecting children and young adults, is caused by abnormal hybrid genes called TFE3 oncofusions. These genes hijack the cell’s machinery to form liquid-like structures, or “droplet hubs,” inside the nucleus. RNA, instead of only carrying genetic

A large U.S. veterans study confirms that nicotinamide, a form of vitamin B3, reduces the risk of new skin cancers. Researchers analyzed 33,833 patients taking 500 mg twice daily for over 30 days versus non-users. Overall, nicotinamide lowered the risk of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma by 14%. The benefit was strongest—about 54%