Emerging therapies are reshaping treatment for head and neck cancer, particularly in recurrent or metastatic HPV-negative disease. EGFR-directed bispecific antibodies are showing promising activity and could enter standard care within the next few years. Amivantamab received FDA breakthrough therapy designation in 2026 for recurrent or metastatic HPV-unrelated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after chemotherapy and immunotherapy failure. Petosemtamab and Ficerafusp alfa also gained breakthrough status in combination with Pembrolizumab.
Meanwhile, proton therapy is gaining attention as a more precise radiation approach that reduces damage to healthy tissue and lowers side effects like swallowing problems and dry mouth. A 2025 study reported improved 5-year survival in advanced oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with intensity modulated proton therapy versus standard radiation. However, high costs and limited access remain major barriers.