Scientists have created a new type of immunotherapy that fights metastatic cancer by attacking the tumor’s protective cells instead of the cancer cells themselves. This approach is designed to overcome the resistance seen in many solid tumors such as lung and ovarian cancer.
Solid tumors often surround themselves with tumor-associated macrophages—immune cells that are reprogrammed by the cancer to act as guards and block other immune attacks. The researchers engineered CAR T cells to specifically recognize and destroy these macrophages. To make the attack stronger, the CAR T cells were also equipped with IL-12, a powerful immune-stimulating molecule.
In preclinical studies using mouse models of metastatic lung and ovarian cancer, this strategy eliminated tumors, greatly extended survival, and often led to complete cures. Because it targets the tumor’s protective environment rather than specific cancer markers, the method could work across many cancer types. Imaging showed it also reshaped the tumor area into one that attracts helpful immune cells, with low toxicity and without the intense immune system clearing used in standard CAR T therapy. The team is now preparing for future human trials while refining safety controls for IL-12 release.